Nahaar Mirza, Joseph Adenuga, Levend Eski, Yousif Abdelbagi, and Mehmet Kose
Abstract:
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are transforming the design, operation, and sustainability of space systems. From autonomous navigation in rovers and spacecraft to predictive maintenance, structural optimization, and life-support management, AI enhances performance and resilience in extreme environments. Integrating AI across engineering disciplines—mechanical, electrical, computer, chemical, and environmental—enables real-time decision-making, resource efficiency, and hazard mitigation, supporting long-duration missions, planetary exploration, and in-situ resource utilization. This paper reviews current applications of AI in space robotics, power management, signal processing, propulsion, and habitat sustainability, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of AI-driven innovation and outlining challenges and future directions for fully autonomous space operations.