The emergence of novel biomedical developments has brought new challenges regarding patient and informational privacy concerns previously unseen in the medical field. Healthcare’s computerization and digitization, originating in the 1960s, have evolved at an exponential rate. However, this rapid advancement has often neglected proper cybersecurity protocols, treating them as an afterthought. Sixty years later, data leaks, security breaches, and cyberattacks are commonplace, putting sensitive patient information at risk more than ever before, with millions already affected by these attacks. Thus, an evaluation of such threats provides insight into the sustainability of the aforementioned novel biomedical developments in the industry. Through a literature review, this sustainability can be determined, revealing varying levels of concern regarding the need for cybersecurity implementations and innovations to achieve real application. Utilizing real-world case studies, reports on prior online leaks, and data on hospital cybersecurity, this analysis highlights the multitude of common vulnerabilities found throughout bioinformatics and healthcare while underscoring the potential dangers if these vulnerabilities were to be exploited. Ultimately, this article intends to issue a call to action to protect patient integrity and uphold HIPAA as medicine and technology continue to adapt alongside each other.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting represents one of the most developing fields of biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine. 3D bioprinting integrates the use of additive manufacturing used to create devices with the biological understanding of human and animal physiology to create complex tissues and organs from scratch using various bioinks and biological scaffolds. The engineering perspective comes in 3D printing through the lens of biomechanics to implement the material, innovative bioink properties, scaffold designs, and printing techniques for precise layering. However, scientific persuasion must still overcome issues with cell health post printing, construction vascularization & functionality, and generated tissue durability. Through the lens of a medical approach, 3D printing holds a great deal of value for regenerative medicine such as skin grafts, craniofacial surgery, orthopedic procedures, dental solutions, and organs for transplant. There are some clinical limitations which can be overseen through regulatory concerns, biocompatibility challenges, and ethical issues . Finally, from a business standpoint, this market has significant potential. 3D bioprinting affects new market generation from pharmaceutical testing in 3D bioprinted lungs and tumor constructs to expansion in regenerative patches with future goals for anatomical perfection. Bioprinting is already commercially effective in small markets, but larger endeavors are limited due to scalable and reproducible inadequacies in research materials along with high research costs. The market for this is mostly in research and development (R&D) stages and is expected to gradually increase in demand over time in effective pharmaceutical testing and academic solutions, but no solid predictions for widespread clinical applicability for decades. This paper assesses 3D organ bioprinting through the lenses of engineering, medicine, and business to determine the realities of viability, practicality, and ethics in new interdisciplinary integration. Without a multidisciplinary approach gained through an understanding of all three perspectives, 3D bioprinting cannot achieve its full potential to change the world.

Cancer treatments like chemotherapy, though effective, often end up damaging healthy cells along with cancer cells, with fatigue, hair loss, and cognitive impairment being just a few of many negative side effects caused by chemotherapy. Targeted drug delivery aims to minimize, if not eliminate, the undesirable aspects of chemotherapy by directly delivering treatment to cancer cells. Smart nanoparticles are engineered to carry drugs directly to affected sites by responding to specific stimuli, allowing them to provide targeted treatment through either a change in chemical structure, solubility, or a release mechanism linked to a particular type of stimulus. These nanoparticles minimize damage to healthy tissue and increase the therapeutic outcome of treatments. There are many current cases of smart
nanoparticles being used in the field of oncology for cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and brain cancer. Additionally, nanoparticles have shown promising results when used in diagnostics. While smart nanoparticles are promising for cancer drug delivery, drawbacks such as potential toxicity, difficulty achieving targeted delivery, and challenges in scaling up production leave room for more research focused on improving the efficiency of nanoparticles. Smart nanoparticles are an innovative form of drug delivery that, with time, can go on to expand their reach beyond oncology and positively impact the medical field as a whole.